In some graphics cards and on some operating systems, this pointer can even be manipulated programmatically. This pointer tells the graphics card where to look for the contents of the video to be displayed during the next refresh cycle. Many graphics cards have the notion of a video pointer, which is simply an address in video memory. One such technique that is only available in full-screen exclusive mode is a form of double-buffering called page-flipping. For this reason, you can take advantage of other capabilities in full-screen exclusive mode that may otherwise be unavailable due to the overhead of the windowing system. The primary surface is usually manipulated through the graphics object of any showing component when in full-screen mode, any operation using the graphics of the full-screen window is a direct manipulation of screen memory. The act of copying the contents from one surface to another is frequently referred to as a block line transfer, or blitting (blt is typically pronounced "blit" and shouldn't be confused with a BLT sandwich). The screen surface is commonly referred to as the primary surface, and the off-screen image used for double-buffering is commonly referred to as the back buffer. You may have already noticed that Swing uses this technique in many of its components, usually enabled by default, using the setDoubleBuffered method. The traditional notion of double-buffering in Java applications is fairly straightforward: create an off-screen image, draw to that image using the image's graphics object, then, in one step, call drawImage using the target window's graphics object and the off-screen image. Rather than watching things being drawn in this fashion and at this pace, most programmers use a technique called double-buffering. You will probably even notice visible artifacts of how your picture is drawn. If you were to draw such a thing directly to the screen (using, say, Graphics.drawLine), you would probably notice with much disappointment that it takes a bit of time.
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Suppose you had to draw an entire picture on the screen, pixel by pixel or line by line.